Which training approach divides training programs into cycles to enhance performance?

The training approach that divides training programs into cycles to enhance performance is periodization. This method is designed to optimize training adaptations by varying the intensity, volume, and type of workouts over specific time frames, often referred to as cycles or phases. These cycles typically include periods of preparation, competition, and recovery, allowing athletes to peak at the right times and reduce the risk of injury or overtraining.

Periodization strategically incorporates different training volumes and intensities to align with specific goals, whether it's building strength, increasing endurance, enhancing skill, or preparing for competitions. By structuring the training in this cyclical manner, individuals can experience progressive overload and recovery, leading to overall improved fitness and performance outcomes.

While the other training methods mentioned serve distinct purposes—interval training focuses on alternating periods of high and low intensity for aerobic or anaerobic conditioning, circuit training emphasizes completing a sequence of exercises in a short period, and flexibility training aims at improving the range of motion—the key distinction is that none of these methods utilize the structured, cyclical approach to training that periodization offers. Hence, periodization is uniquely positioned as the correct answer for this question.